Inflammatory microenvironment and immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma

Platelets, Microenvironment and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the commonest type of liver cancer and has a high mortality rate. Currently treatment options are limited and new therapies are urgently needed. Platelets are enucleated small cells, derived from mature megakaryocytes and besides their role in thrombosis; they actively take part in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Platelet number in the blood is associated with d...

Immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma

Current therapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are marginally effective and exacerbate underlying liver disease. The ability of immunotherapy to elicit nontoxic, systemic, long-lived anti-tumor activity makes it particularly well-suited for use in the setting of HCC. While therapeutic benefit has been achieved in early clinical trials, the efficacy of immune-based therapies is li...

Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Sheep

The tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma (review).

The tumor microenvironment has been largely studied as a dynamic system orchestrated by inflammatory cells, including cancer cells, stroma as well as the extracellular matrix. It is useful to describe and predict the phenotypic characteristics of cancer. Furthermore, a better understanding of its interplay with the various aspects of the tumor cel...

Hepatocellular carcinoma in a sheep

At necropsy of a five-year-old sheep, a pear shaped, lobular yellow-brownish mass measuring about 12 ×15 × 20 cm was found to involve the right hepatic lobe. Microscopic examination revealed two trabecularand solid patterns of neoplastic hepatocytes. In solid pattern, there were numerous tumoral giant cells thatcontain one or more large hyperchromatic bizarre-shaped nuclei scattered among clust...